Flying-machine.



'Q MZ J. A. GOODWIN. FLYING MAGHINB. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 28, 1911.

1,019,782. Patented Mar. 12, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

2 6 J 2 n V 7 l A /a g A? 8 n uento'a wi/tmeoow WWW J. A. GOODWIN.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLIGATION 11 L111) 111111: 28, 1911.

1,01 9,782. Patented Mar. 12, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

' improvements.

UNITED STATES PATENT onmonf JOSEPH A. GOODWIN, or BnnKLEY, VIRGINIA.

FLYING-MACHINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Josnrrr A. Goonwm, a citizen of the United States, residing at Berkley, in the county of Norfolk and State of Virginia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines, of which the following is a. s ecification.

,My invention relates to improvements in machine having wings or planes secured to the fore-and-aft frame of the machine, and located at an angle to the fore-and-aft frame, extending forwardly and upwardly, and curving or bending at o posite angles-at its respective ends, said ang es gradually changing to a central point between the ends of the wings where said wings are approximately straight.

With these and other objects in view, the invention consists in certain novel features of construction and combinations and arrangements of parts, as will be more fully hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1, is a view in front elevation illustrating my Fig. 2, is an enlarged view in transverse section through the forward partof the machine at the center thereof. Fig. 3, is a plan view of the framework of one of the wings Fig. 4. is an enlarged view in longitudinal section through the center of the machine. Fig. 5, is a top plan view. Fig. 6, is an enlarged view in section on the line 66 of Fig. Fig. 7, is an enlarged view in section onthe line 7-7 of Fig. 5. Fig. 8, is a view in side elevation.

1, represents the fore-and-aft frame of my improved machine, which I have illustrated in part only, the rear end of the frame being eliminated becausesuch structure forms no part of the present invention, and may be varied to suit the trade.

2, 2, are my improved wings or planes which are composed of framework 3, illus- Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed June 28, 1911,.

Serial No. 635,710.

trated in Fig. 3, and-are secured at their inner ends to the fore-and-aft frame 1. These wings 2 incline upwardly and forwardly from their inner to their outer ends, and their angle fore-and-aft changes from its inner end to its outer end, said angles being most clearly shown in Figs. 6 and 7.

The section 7, 7, illustrates the angle of the outer ends of the wings with the forward edge higher than the rear edge, and gradually inclining downward after curvmg upward slightly at the forward edge. Line 6--6 shows the shape of the wing at the inner end, where it is lowest at its for- Ward edge, and inclines upwardly.

The wings are preferably composed of the framework 3 covered by canvas as shown, and as commonly constructed, and these wings are shaped so that they assume the opposite angles at their opposite ends, and gradually change their angles to an intermediate point where the wings are approximately straight. This is following out the plan of giving the greatest lifting force to the outer ends of the wings, and gradually changing such angle to the inner ends where this littmg tendency is somewhat overcome to secure the proper equilibrium.

As the outer end of the wings are forwardly, they first. take the air, and the inner ends follow, and by reason of the particular angles or approximately the particular Patented Mar. 12, 1912.

angles, the wings attain the maximum of "The rear edges of the planes are not" so braced, but are free to move within certain limits, and this movement of the rear edges of the planes is controlled as Wlll now be described.

A downwardly projecting forked standard 8 is secured to the fore-and-aft frame 1, and

supports a longitudinally positioned shaft 9. A sprocket wheel 101s secured on thls shaft in the forked end of the standard 8, and the teeth engage a sprocket chain 11. This sprocketchain 11 is connected by coiled springs 12 with wires 13, and the outer ends of these wires 13 are secured to the wings 2, 2, adjacent the outer ends, and rear edges of the latter, or in other words, at

some point beyond the center of said wings. These wires 13, springs 12, and chain 11' compel the wings to tilt in opposite directions,-sothat the machine will automatlcally stabilize, and this movement is cushioned by the springs, so that there will be no shock or sudden variation in the disposition of the wings. To further cushion this movement, a crossbar 14 is secured to shaft 9, and 1s connected by wires 15 with coiled springs 16, said springs 16 secured to the bottom ofv fore-and-aft frame 1.

It will therefore be noted that the operator on seat 19 may turn hand wheel 18, and through the medium of the parts aboye described, change the angle of disposition of the wings. It will therefore be noted that my improved machineis equipped with wings or planes which are set at an angle, .and project forwardly and upwardly from their inner to their outer ends, therefore advancing the outer ends, and said outer ends iven a greaterangle to the l1ne of flight than the inner ends which are to their rear. In other words, the outer ends of the wings which are advanced, and are, forward and upward relative to the inner ends are set at an angle of incidence to the line of flight, so as to catch a greater amount of air than the end which is lower and tothe rear. p v

. While the steering wheel is capable of controlling the movement of the machine to a certain extent, it has a wider range of usefulness than this. It enables the operator to manually control the angles of the wings to mainta n an equilibrium, and it also enables him to change the angle of one wing to offset a tornor-broken wing. Thereforein the event that the equilibrium cannot be auto matically maintained, it can be manually maintained by means of the steering wheel.

Various slight changes might be made in the general form and arrangement of parts described without de arting from my inventlon, and 'hence I 0 not limit myself to the precise details set forth, but consider myself at liberty to m ke such changes and alterations as fairly allwithin the spirit and scolpe'of the appended claims.

aving thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is In a flying machine, 'the combination with a fore-and-aft frame, of wings secured their outer-ends, than at their inner ends,

substantially as described.

- 3. In a flying machine, the combination with a fore and-aft frame, of wings secured to the fore-and-aft frame and extending forwardly and upwardly from their inner to their outer ends, and at their outer ends positioned at a greater angle to the line of. flight than at their inner, and means con necting the respective .wings and constructed to change said angles of the wings, substantially as described.

4.- In a flying machine, the combination with a fore-and-aft frame, of flexible wings secured at their inner ends to the fore-andaft frame, and extending upwardly and forwardly from their inner to their outer ends, said wings positioned in a line, fore and-aft. at a greater angle to the line of flight, at their outer ends, than at their inner ends,

and means connecting the respective wings and constructed to change said angles of the wings, substantially as described.

5. In a flying niachine,-the combination with a fore-and-aft frame, of wings secured to. the 'fore-and-aft frame, and extending forwardlyand upwardly, the outer end of each wing having its forward edge higher than its rear edge, and the inner end of each wing having its forward edge lower than its rear edge, substantially as described.

6. In a flying machine, the combination with a fore-and-aft frame, of wings secured to the fore-and-aft frame, and extending forwardly and upwardly, the outer end of each wing having its forward edge higher than its rear edge, and the inner end ofeach, wing having its forward edge lower than its" rear edge, a downwardly projecting standard secured to said fore-and-aft frame, a sprocket wheel mounted in said standard, a sprocket chain engaging the teeth of said sprocket wheel, wires secured to the outer rear portions of said planes, and springs connecting said wires and said chain, substantially as described.

7. In-aflying machine, the combination with a fore-'and-aft frame, of wings secured to the fore-and-aft frame, and extending forwardly and upwardly, the outer end of each wing having its forward edge higher than its rear edge, and the innerend of each wing having its forward edge lower than its rear edge, a downwardly projecting standard secured to the fore-and-aft frame, a shaft in said standard a sprocket wheel on said shaft, a sprocket chain engaging said sprocket wheel, wires secured to the outer rear portions of said wings, coiled springs connecting said wires and chain, a cross bar secured to saidshaft, springs secured to the under face of the. fore-and-aft frame, and wires connecting said last-mentioned springs with said cross bar, substantially as described.

8. In a flying machine, the combination with a fore-and-aft frame, of wings secured to the fore-and-aftvframe, and extending forwardly and upwardly, the outer end of each wing having its forward edge higher than its rear edge, and the inner end of each wing having its forward edge lower than its rear edge, a downwardly projecting standard secured to the fore-and-aft frame, a shaft insaid standard, a sprocket wheel on said shaft, a sprocket chain engaging said sprocket wheel, wires secured to the outer rear portions of said wings, coiled springs connecting said wires and chain, a cross bar secured to said shaft, a steering drum, :1 flexible connecting device wound on said drum and connected at its ends to said cross bar, and a steering wheel secured to turn with said drum, substantially as described.

9. In a flying machine, the combination with a fore-and-aft frame, of wings secured to the fore-and-aft frame, and extending forwardly and upwardly, the outer end of each wing having its forwardv edge higher than its rear edge, and the inner end of each wing having its forward edge lower than its rear edge, a downwardly projecting stand ard secured to the fore-and-aft frame, a shaft in said standard, a sprocket wheel on said shaft, a sprocket chain engaging said sprocket wheel, wires secured to the outer rear portions of said wings, coiled springs connecting said wires and chain, a cross bar secured to said shaft, a steering drum, v. flexible connecting device wound on said drum and connected at its ends to said cross bar, a steering wheel secured to turn with said drum, springs secured to the under face of the fore-and-aft frame, and wires connecting said last-mentirned springs with said cross bar, substantially as described.

10. In a flying machine, the combination with a fore-'and-aft frame, of wings secured to the fore-and-aft frame and extending forwardly and upwardly from their inner to their outer ends, and at their outeren'ds positioned at a greater angle to the line of flight than at their inner, upwardly and downwardly projecting frames secured to the foreand-aft frame, and stay wires connecting said upwardly and downwardly projecting frames with the orward edges ofi said wings adjacent their outer ends, whereby the forward ed es of said wings are maintained rigid, su stantially as described.

11. In a flying machine, the combination with a fore-and-aft frame, of flexible win 5 secured at their inner ends to the fore-and aft frame, and extending upwardly and forwardly from their inner to their outer ends, said wings positioned in a line, fore-and-aft, at a greater angle to the line of flight, at their outer ends, than at their inner ends, upwardly and downwardly projecting frames secured to the fore-and-aft frame, and stay wires connecting said upwardly and downwardly projecting frames with the forward edges of said wings adjacenttheir outer ends, whereby the forward ed es of said wings are maintained rigid, su stantially as described.

12. In a flying machine, the combination with a fore-and-aft frame, of wings secured to the fore-and-aft frame and extending forwardly and upwardly from their inner to their outer ends, and at their outer ends positioned at a greater angle to the line of flight than at their inner, and means connecting the respective wings and constructed to change said angles of the wings, upwardly and downwardly projecting frames secured to the fore-and-aft frame, and stay wires connecting said upwardly and downwardly projecting ,frames with the forward edges of said wings adjacent their outer ends, whereby the forward edges of said wings are maintained rigid, substantially as described.

13. In a flying machine, the combination with a fore-and-aft frame, of flexible wings secured at their inner ends to the fore-and aft frame, and extending upwardly and for wardly from their inner to their outer ends, said wings positioned in a line, fore-and-aft, at a greater angle to the line of flight, at their outer ends, than at their inner ends, and means connecting the respective wings and constructed to change said angles of the wings, upwardly and downwardly pro'ecting frames secured to the fore-an -aft frame, and stay wires connecting said up; wardly and downwardly projecting frames with the forward edges of said wings adjacent their outer ends, whereby the forward edges of said wings are maintained rigid, substantially as described.

14. In a flying machine, the combination with a fore-and-aft frame, of wings secured to the fore and-aft frame. and extending forwardly and upwardly, the outer end of each wing having its forward edge higher than its rear edge, and the inner end of each wing having its forward edge lower than its rear edge, upwardly and downwardlv projecting frames secured to the fore-andaft frame, and stay wires connecting said upwardly and downwardly projecting frames with the forward edges of said wings adjacent their outer 'ends, whereby the forward edges of said wings are maintained rigid, substantially as described.

15. In a flying machine, the combination with a fore-and-aft frame,- of wings secured to the fore-and-aft frame, and extending forwardly andupwardly, the outer'end of each wing having its forward edgehigher than its rear edge,and the inner end of each wing having its forward edge lower than its rear edge, a downwardly projecting standard secured to said fore-and-aft frame, a sprocket wheel mounted in said standard, a sprocket chain engaging the teeth of said sprocket wheel, wires secured to. the outer rear portions of said planes, springs-connecting said wires and said chain, upwardly and downwardly projecting frames secured to the fore-and-aft frame, and stay wires connect ing said upwardly and downwardly projecting frames with the forward edges of said wings adjacent their outer ends, whereby the forward edges of said wings are maintained rigid, substantially as described.

16. In a flying machine, the combination with a fore-and-aft frame, of wings secured to the fore-and-aft frame, and extending forwardly and upwardly, the outer end of each wing having its forward edge higher than its rear edge, and the inner end of each .wing having its forward edge lower than its rear edge, a downwardly projecting standard secured to the fore-and-aft frame, a

shaft in said standard, a sprocket wheel on said shaft, a sprocket chain engaging said sprocket wheel, wires secured to the outer rear portions of said wings, coiled springs connecting said wires and chain, a cross bar secured to said shaft, springs secured to the under face of the fore-and-aft frame, wires connecting said last-mentioned springs with said. cross bar, upwardly and downwardly projecting frames secured to the. fore-andaft frame, and stay wires connecting said and downwardly projecting adjacent their outer ends, whereby the forward edges of said wings are maintained rigid, substantially as described.

17. In a flying machine, the combination with a fore-and-aft frame, of wings secured to the fore-and-aft frame; and extending forwardly and upwardly, the outerencl of each wing having its forward edge higher than its rear edge, and the inner end of each wing having its forward edge lower than its rear edge, a downwardly projecting standard secured to the fore-a'nd-aft frame, a shaft in said standard, a sprocket wheel on said shaft, a sprocket chain engaging said sprocket wheel, wires secured to the outer rear portions of said wings,'coiled springs connecting said wires and chain, a cross bar secured to said shaft, a steering drum, a flexible connecting device wound on said drum and connected at its ends to said cross bar, a steering wheel secured to turn with said drum, upwardlyand downwardly projecting frames secured to the fore-and-aft frame, and stay wires connecting said up-. wardly and downwardly projecting frames with-the forward edges of said wings adjacent their o iter ends, whereby the forward edges of said wings are maintained rigid, substantially as described.

18. In a flying machine, the combination with a fore-and aft framelof wings secured to the fore-and-aft frame, and extending forwardly and upwardly, the outer end of each wing having its forward edge higher than -its rear edge, and the inner end'of each wing having its forward edge lower than its rear edge, a downwardly projecting standard secured to the fore-and-aft frame, a shaft in said standard, a sprocket wheel on said shaft, a-sprocket chain engaging said" drum and connected at its ends to said cross bar, a steering wheel secured to turn with said drum, springs secured to the ,under face of the fOre-andaft frame, wires connecting said last-mentioned springs with said cross bar, upwardly and downwardly projecting frames secured to thefore-and-aft frame, and stay wires connecting said upwardly and downwardly projecting frames with. the forward edges of saidwings adjacent their outer ends, whereby the forward edges of said wings are maintained rigid, substantially as described. 7

In testimony whereof I have signed my' name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. JOSEPH A. GOODWIN.

Witnesses:

' ALEX. T. GAMBLE,

SYLVESTER Dorms. 

